A circuit that performs a control or processing function in a computer is called a logic circuit. Logic circuits use two values for a given physical quantity to denote the Boolean values false or true and false or 0 and 1. Logic circuits have inputs and outputs that may or may not depend on the inputs. When drawing diagrams of logic circuits, the connection between the output of one circuit and the input of the second circuit is shown as an arrowhead at the input end.
Logic circuits are similar in performance to the functions of a programming language. A logic circuit can have several outputs. The inputs are similar to function parameters. The outputs are similar to the return values of a function. The two types of logic circuits are: State circuits and combinational circuits. State circuits, where the output is based not only on the input but also on the historical inputs, are made possible by the memory embedded in the circuit. In combinatorial circuits, the output is based on the current values of the input.
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